Over the past years, we have seen a far-reaching transformation in global industrial landscape due to continuous technological advancements, developments and innovations which finally lead to the fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0. This revolution is certainly different from the previous revolution as it focusing on integrating physical assets into intertwined digital and physical processes through Cyber-Physical System (CPS) technology to create smart factories and intelligent manufacturing environments. This way, machines get networked and able to communicate through Internet of Things (IOT) or Internet of People (IOP) enabling new ways of production, value creation, and real-time optimization. On the other hand, the third industrial revolution or also known as the Digital Revolution is all about the revolution from analog and mechanical systems to digital ones through the application of electronics and IT to further automate production.

Cyber-Physical System (CPS)

CPS which is the basic building blocks of Industry 4.0 basically connected with embedded systems which integrating computation and physical processes within which information from all related perspectives is closely monitored and synchronized between the physical factory floor and the digital networks to facilitate independent data processing. On top of that, the system can also be controlled and monitored online through assignment of an IP address which enables the embedded computer systems, sensors and actuators, cyber-physical systems run the production automatically and autonomously. Hence, central process control can be eliminated as it can be taken over by CPS-based components that able to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and resiliently.

Internet of Things (IOT)

Apart from CPS, IOT too has long been seen as the backbone technology behind Industry 4.0. There would be no Industry 4.0 and no Smart Factory without the IOT. It involves adding digital sensors and networking technologies to the devices and systems which regarded as a dynamic and global network of interconnected “things” address exclusively based on standard and interoperable communication protocols and with self-configuring capabilities. This allows machines and business processes to interact without human intervention. In fact, the systems that facilitate production are transforming from a transactional production execution to data-driven business process execution and optimization where workers will get personalized information and decision support delivered to them on their smart devices at the point of work. This enables organizations to increase product customization, flexibility and enhance customer experience.

Internet of People (IOP)

Finally, another important technology for Industry 4.0 is IOP. Some key elements of IOP are it has a technological focus, inter-disciplinary, quantitative, networking and embraces data-oriented Internet functions. Considering that internet devices of all networking functions can be users’ personal devices therefore, human behaviour will normally determine the way these devices will operate in the network. Thus, the concept behind IOP is a stronger integration between new generation internet (NGI) devices and humans which allow humans to add resources to NGI functions in developing current fundamental.

In conclusion, the fourth industrial revolution is focusing on creating a smart factory which integrating physical system into virtual reality through CPS, IOT and IOP technology which is far advance from the third revolution which focusing on transforming analog and mechanical system to digital system.

 

 

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